A document issued in one country must first be authorized before it may be used in another. Legalization is classified into two types: full legalization for international use (a two-step process) and streamlined legalization for global use (a one-step process using an apostille). The Hague Apostille Convention is an important development in this system since it allows member countries to recognize each other's public documents without requiring additional consular legalization.
When the Hague Apostille Convention went into effect in Canada on January 11, 2024, it established an important process for authenticating and legalizing documents, making it easier for countries to accept each other's public documents. An authentication certificate known as an "apostille" now authenticates the origin of Canadian public documents for use outside Canada.
Previously, using Canadian documents in other countries required a two-step legalization process (first, authentication at the Canadian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, followed by document legalization at the consulate), which was time-consuming and expensive. On January 11, 2024, the government of Canada joined the Hague Apostille Convention, creating a one-step system that simplifies the process of issuing apostilles.
After obtaining an apostille, your document is fully prepared to be used in any other country that is a signatory to the Hague Apostille Convention, such as Canada. This means you no longer need to go to the consulate. This drastically reduces the time and expense of legalization.
If your document's destination country is not a member of the Hague Apostille Convention (e.g., the UAE, Cuba, Jordan), you must undergo consular legalization after obtaining the apostille.
This
official website lists all 128 countries that are part of the Hague Apostille Convention and hence recognize apostilles.